Themes¶

Themes control the overall appearance of your plots - backgrounds, fonts, gridlines, and more.

In [1]:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from ggplotly import *

# Sample data
np.random.seed(42)
df = pd.DataFrame({
    'x': np.random.randn(100),
    'y': np.random.randn(100),
    'category': np.random.choice(['A', 'B', 'C'], 100),
    'value': np.random.rand(100) * 10
})

import pandas as pd import numpy as np from ggplotly import * # Sample data np.random.seed(42) df = pd.DataFrame({ 'x': np.random.randn(100), 'y': np.random.randn(100), 'category': np.random.choice(['A', 'B', 'C'], 100), 'value': np.random.rand(100) * 10 })

Built-in Themes¶

theme_minimal¶

Clean, minimal theme with no background.

In [2]:

ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + theme_minimal()

ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + theme_minimal()

Out[2]:

theme_classic¶

Classic look with axis lines, no gridlines.

In [3]:

ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + theme_classic()

ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + theme_classic()

Out[3]:

theme_dark¶

Dark background theme.

In [4]:

ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + theme_dark()

ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + theme_dark()

Out[4]:

theme_ggplot2¶

Replicates R's ggplot2 default theme.

In [5]:

ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + theme_ggplot2()

ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + theme_ggplot2()

Out[5]:

theme_bbc¶

BBC News style visualizations.

In [6]:

ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + theme_bbc()

ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + theme_bbc()

Out[6]:

theme_nytimes¶

New York Times style visualizations.

In [7]:

ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + theme_nytimes()

ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + theme_nytimes()

Out[7]:

Theme Customization¶

Use theme() to customize specific elements:

Legend Position¶

In [8]:

# Move legend position
ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y', color='category')) + geom_point() + theme(legend_position='bottom')

# Move legend position ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y', color='category')) + geom_point() + theme(legend_position='bottom')

Out[8]:

In [9]:

# Hide legend
ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y', color='category')) + geom_point() + theme(legend_position='none')

# Hide legend ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y', color='category')) + geom_point() + theme(legend_position='none')

Out[9]:

Text Elements¶

In [10]:

# Title styling
ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + \
    labs(title='My Plot') + \
    theme(plot_title=element_text(size=20, color='darkblue'))

# Title styling ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + \ labs(title='My Plot') + \ theme(plot_title=element_text(size=20, color='darkblue'))

Out[10]:

In [11]:

# Axis labels
ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + \
    theme(axis_title=element_text(size=14, color='red'))

# Axis labels ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + \ theme(axis_title=element_text(size=14, color='red'))

Out[11]:

Background Elements¶

In [12]:

# Panel background
ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + \
    theme(panel_background=element_rect(fill='lightgray'))

# Panel background ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + \ theme(panel_background=element_rect(fill='lightgray'))

Out[12]:

Gridlines¶

In [13]:

# Major gridlines
ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + \
    theme(panel_grid_major=element_line(color='gray', width=0.5))

# Major gridlines ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y')) + geom_point() + \ theme(panel_grid_major=element_line(color='gray', width=0.5))

Out[13]:

Combining Themes¶

Start with a base theme and customize:

In [14]:

(
    ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y', color='category'))
    + geom_point()
    + theme_minimal()
    + theme(
        legend_position='bottom',
        plot_title=element_text(size=18)
    )
    + labs(title='My Customized Plot')
)

( ggplot(df, aes(x='x', y='y', color='category')) + geom_point() + theme_minimal() + theme( legend_position='bottom', plot_title=element_text(size=18) ) + labs(title='My Customized Plot') )

Out[14]:

Theme Reference¶

Theme	Description
theme_default	Default ggplotly theme
theme_minimal	Minimal, clean theme
theme_classic	Classic with axis lines
theme_dark	Dark background
theme_ggplot2	R's ggplot2 default
theme_bbc	BBC News style
theme_nytimes	NYT style
theme_custom	Build from scratch

theme() Parameters¶

Parameter	Description
legend_position	Legend position ('right', 'left', 'top', 'bottom', 'none')
legend_show	Show/hide legend (bool)
plot_title	Title text styling
plot_subtitle	Subtitle styling
axis_title	Both axis titles
axis_title_x	X-axis title
axis_title_y	Y-axis title
axis_text	Both axis tick labels
axis_text_x	X-axis tick labels
axis_text_y	Y-axis tick labels
legend_title	Legend title styling
legend_text	Legend text styling
panel_background	Plot area background
plot_background	Full plot background
panel_grid_major	Major gridlines
panel_grid_minor	Minor gridlines